Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, who describes the importance of education in the words,
Mahatma Jyotiba Phule was born on 11 April 1927 in Pune . His native village is Katgun taluka Khatav district Satara. Jyotiba’s original surname was Gore (Gorhe) but his grandfather Sheriba’s flower business gave him the surname Phule. Jyotiba criticized the inequality in the society by advocating the principle of equality throughout his life, exposing the flaws in the norms and traditions and attacking the exploitation of others by the upper castes of the society.
In the days of Jyotiba, the condition of women was very bad. In the society, undesirable practices like child marriage and virgin marriage were prevalent and girls were kept away from education. Mahatma Jyotiba Phule started the first school for girls in 1848 at Bhide’s mansion in Budhwar Pethe, Pune. He made his wife Savitribai Phule a teacher to teach girls. Mahatma Phule started schools for such girls on 3 July 1851 at Chiplunkar’s Palace in Pune, on 17 September 1851 at Rasta Peth and on 15 March 1852 at Vetal Peth. At that time, the condition of widows was very bad and women had no place in the society and family.
In 1863, Jyotiba started the Prevention of Infanticide. He initiated the first remarriage in Pune in 1864 by encouraging widow remarriage. Jyotiba Phule adopted the successful son of a Brahmin widow named Kashibai in the sense of ‘action according to the saying’. Jyotiba Phule continued to fight against the undesirable norms and traditions of the society throughout her life. On September 24, 1873, he founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in Pune. Jyotiba Phule wrote many books to awaken the society. His books are famous like Tritiya Ratna, Brahmin’s skill, Slavery, Farmer’s Asud, Satsar, Sarvajanik Satya Dharma etc. Jyotiba set an example of modern farming to the farmers by cultivating himself in a modern way.
Jyotiba was the first social reformer in Maharashtra to fight hard for the cause of farmers. Jyotiba is known as Martin Luther King of Maharashtra. How faithfully they embraced the values of freedom, equality, cosmopolitanism, etc., considering the work of Jyotiba in every field such as prevention of child murder, ban on widow’s haircut, problem of virgin motherhood, adult virgin marriage, widow remarriage, women’s education, prevention of untouchability, equal access to education for all. It appears to have been done. His glory as a pioneer of social reform seems to be real. On 11 May 1888, Phule was conferred the title of Mahatma by Rao Bahadur Vadedar in Mumbai.
Mahatma Jyotiba Phule died on 28 November 1890 in Pune.
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